The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of model legislation designed to reduce the incidence of bullying among high school students, particularly those at higher risk for being ostracized by their peers.
Prescription drug overdose deaths, mostly from opioid pain relievers, now outpace motor vehicle fatalities in most states. In about 35 states, electronic databases known as prescription monitoring programs (PMPs) are intended to reduce abuse of prescription drugs and overdose by tracking pharmacy dispensing and making data available to clinicians and law enforcement. This study will provide evidence-based information of effectiveness to administrators and inform policy decisions at the national level.
This study aims to identify where and how the criminalization of HIV exposure has influenced health department policies, protocols, programs, and procedures, both formal and informal, involving staff interactions with persons who have or are at increased risk of contracting HIV. It will also examine how staff members at various levels within public health departments resolve (or leave unresolved) the tensions between criminal law, public health authority, and patient-centered care when considering the prospect of an HIV-positive client knowingly exposing others to HIV.
Despite decades of interventions, research suggests intimate partner violence prevalence rates are increasing and results in increased healthcare costs for up to three years even after the violence has ceased. This study examines the intimate partner violence protection order process and whether legal mechanisms can be enhanced to improve victims’ health outcomes.
This project considers children who are overweight, the most common health problem facing American childeren. States, and to a lesser extent, local governments, have passed a variety of laws aimed at reducing youths’ exposure to high-calorie, low-nutrient foods and encouraging physical activity. What measures work?
This study will take a state-by-state inventory of laws that regulate influenza immunization among people who work in hospitals. It will review policies that individual hospitals and health systems might have to require their employees to receive a flu vaccination, matching those findings with data on rates of vaccination among hospital workers to determine the effect such laws and policies have on vaccination rates.
This project evaluates the impact of laws requiring parental involvement in minors' decisions to obtain an abortion. It tests for an association between parental involvement abortion laws and state policies and the rates of chlamydia and gonorrhea in women aged 15-19 and 20-24.
This study will evaluate a New Jersey Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) law, which requires probationary teen drivers to display a decal on the vehicle's license plate, making them easily identifiable to police, thereby making it easier for police to enforce the law's restrictions.
This study will identify effective legal strategies for improving implementation and enforcement of distracted driving legislation to reduce fatal and non-fatal automobile crashes.
This study will explore whether reporting induces hospitals to reduce actual health care-associated infection (HAI) rates, reported rates, or both; whether infection preventionists and consumers use the reports; compare the effectiveness of different reporting schemes; and assess how public health agency choices in implementing these programs affect their success.
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