Vaccination Requirements for Child Care, School and College Attendance
The Problem: Vaccine coverage for preventable disease is an essential public health goal.
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The Effect of Laws Reducing Alcohol Outlet Density on Alcohol Related Harms
The Problem: Alcohol consumption is a risk factor for many public health harms. Impaired driving is one of the largest contributors to motor vehicle crashes. Each year in the United States roughly 10,500 people die in motor vehicle crashes involving an alcohol-impaired driver. In 2016, these crashes accounted for almost a third of all U.S. traffic-related deaths. CDC: Impaired Driving Factsheet.
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Zero Tolerance BAC Laws for Drunk Drivers Under Age 21
The Problem: Alcohol consumption is a risk factor for many public health harms. Impaired driving is one of the largest contributors to motor vehicle crashes. Each year in the United States roughly 10,500people die in motor vehicle crashes involving an alcohol-impaired driver. In 2016, over one million people were arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol or narcotics. CDC: Impaired Driving Factsheet.
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Vision Screening for Older Drivers
Laws requiring vision screening for older are a plausible means of reducing crashes involving older drivers, but there is insufficient evidence to rigorously assess their effectiveness at this time.
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Water Fluoridation
The Problem: Tooth decay, also known as dental caries, remains a major public health problem. Though largely preventable, it is the most common chronic disease for kids aged 6 to 11 years old and teens aged 12-19 years old. . CDC Dental Caries Fact Sheet. Advanced tooth decay can cause significant pain and loss of the teeth, and can be costly to treat. CDC: Oral Health: At a Glance: 2009.
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The Effects of Laws Authorizing Coercive Tuberculosis Control Measures
The Problem: Tuberculosis is a classic public health scourge. TB is one of the top 10 causes of death globally. World Health Organization: Tuberculosis Fact Sheet. The risks associated with TB have increased with the emergence of more virulent and drug-resistant strains of the disease. In the United States, the rate of TB incidence and associated mortality declined precipitously for most of the 20th century.
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“Shall Issue” Concealed Weapons Laws
The Problem: Firearms were a leading cause of death in the United States in 2017, accounting for 39,659deaths nationwide, with about 14,500 of those due to homicide CDC: Fast stats US Department of Justice: Crime Statistics.
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Enhanced Enforcement of Safety Belt Laws
The Problem: In 2018, the seatbelt usage rate in the U.S. was 89.6%. Seat belt usage saved an estimated 14,955 lives in 2017. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) However, despite rising rates of safety belt use in the United States over the past 20 years, a lack of usage can lead to long-term chronic health consequences as well as death. David J. Houston and Lilliard E. Richardson, Jr.
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Alcohol, Drugs and Tobacco – Effects of Dram Shop Liability
The Problem: Alcohol consumption is a risk factor for many public health harms. Impaired driving is one of the largest contributors to motor vehicle crashes. Each year in the United States more than 10,000 people die in motor vehicle crashes involving an alcohol-impaired driver. In 2016, these crashes accounted for almost one-third of all U.S. traffic-related deaths. CDC: Impaired Driving Factsheet.
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Workplace Smoking Bans Reduce Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)
The Problem: Tobacco use is a source of chronic and fatal illnesses for users and persons with secondary exposure. Smoking is responsible for approximately 1 in 5 deaths in the United States, causing 480,000 deaths annually. Smoking increases risk for stroke by 2-4 times, coronary heart disease by 2-4 times, lung cancer by about 25 times, and lowers overall health. Quitting smoking vastly reduces risk; within 2-5 of cessation, risk of stroke drops to that of a non-smoker.
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